Strabo or Zoroaster? (Baldassare Castiglione?).Or Fornarina as a personification of Love (Francesco Maria della Rovere?) unknown (sometimes identified as Hypatia in recent popular sources).Alcibiades or Alexander the Great or Pericles.Other identifications he holds to be "more or less speculative". Luitpold Dussler counts among those who can be identified with some certainty: Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Pythagoras, Euclid, Ptolemy, Zoroaster, Raphael, Sodoma and Diogenes of Sinope. Many other popular identifications of portraits are very dubious. He was writing over 40 years after the painting, and never knew Raphael, but no doubt reflects what was believed in his time. Vasari mentions portraits of the young Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, leaning over Bramante with his hands raised near the bottom right, and Raphael himself. To complicate matters, beginning from Vasari's efforts, some have received multiple identifications, not only as ancients but also as figures contemporary with Raphael. Beyond that, identifications of Raphael's figures have always been hypothetical. The identities of some of the philosophers in the picture, such as Plato and Aristotle, are certain. The picture has long been seen as "Raphael's masterpiece and the perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the Renaissance". The Stanza della Segnatura was the first of the rooms to be decorated, and The School of Athens, representing Philosophy, was probably the third painting to be finished there, after La Disputa (Theology) on the opposite wall, and the Parnassus (Literature). It was painted between 15 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. “Diogenes” by John William Waterhouse depicts “Diogenes the Cynic” (412 – 323 BC), who was a Greek philosopher.The School of Athens (Italian: Scuola di Atene) is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. Diogenes was a controversial figure with a reputation for sleeping and eating wherever he chose in a highly non-traditional fashion.ĭiogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and often slept in a large ceramic jar in the marketplace, as Waterhouse has depicted him in this 1882 painting. Waterhouse has contrasted the joyful and richly dressed women with the older man who was one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. In front of his ceramic jar lodgings is a lamp that he carried during the day, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He criticized Plato, disputed his interpretation of Socrates, and he was also noted for having mocked Alexander the Great, both in public and to his face when he visited Corinth in 336.ĭiogenes passed his philosophy of Cynicism influenced Zeno, who fashioned it into the school of Stoicism, one of the most enduring schools of Greek philosophy. Diogenes Sarcastica is a tall but brilliant, fabulously talented and visually stunning example of a placental mammal, who takes the time from a career as a technical innovator in the recording industry and pretending to be a responsible adult, to daily opine about Politics & Culture on what is now the most widely read Louisiana based independent blog. Cynicism Philosophyĭiogenes maintained that all the artificial growths of society were incompatible with happiness and that morality implies a return to the simplicity of nature. “Humans have complicated every simple gift of the gods.”ĭiogenes is credited with the first known use of the word “cosmopolitan.” When he was asked where he came from, he replied, “I am a citizen of the world,” which in Greek was “cosmopolites.” Alexander and Diogenes, lithograph illustration by Louis Loeb in Century Magazine, 1898 According to legend, Alexander the Great came to visit the philosopher Diogenes of Sinope. Alexander wanted to fulfill a wish for Diogenes and asked him what he desired. This was a radical claim in a world where a man’s identity was intimately tied to his citizenship of a particular city-state.ĭiogenes shared Socrates’s love of virtue and indifference to wealth, together with a disdain for general opinion. He tried to demonstrate that wisdom and happiness belong to the man who is independent of society and that civilization is regressive. However, any philosophy can be taken to the extreme, and Diogenes’ name has been applied to a behavioral disorder characterized by apparently involuntary self-neglect and hoarding. Waterhouse worked in the Pre-Raphaelite style, several decades after the breakup of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which included artists such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, and William Holman Hunt. Waterhouse embraced the Pre-Raphaelite style even though it had gone out of fashion in the British art scene, by the time he painted this painting.
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